Lab Five Cell Respiration Results

Recipe

This year my school is being done in the direction of a teaching focused on the values \u200b\u200bof legality. We have agreed, among other things, the project proposed by the study center "Pio La Torre" Palermo which we propose a series of videoconferences on the topic. Interesting topics, engaging speakers. Participating in the project and 50 schools are connected by videoconference in Sicily along with 30 schools in the rest of the Italian territory.

second meeting today, the theme was:

"Opposition historical, social and political rebellion against the mafia and entrepreneurship."

Rapporteur Professor, University of Messina Centorrino. The speakers were other personalities from civil society and among them Vincenzo Conticello Ancient Focacceria S. Francis Palermo

Vincenzo Conticello

And he told us his story ...

Then he gave us a recipe for defeating the mafia, and he's recipes they will be ...

a good dose of sound policy

a streamlined bureaucracy that functions

the knowledge that you do not have trade rights with the favors

a church present and able to assume the task for which Christ willed

a judiciary free to act without tethers the constricting to fight "with his bare hands" organized crime

a police that is made in terms of acting

and everything and with all citizens, all citizens who do their duty, each in his field, assuming direct responsibility for their actions, forming a community anti-mafia.

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Initiation and the hierarchy of the Mafia families

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Joining the mafia equivalent to convert to a religion. [1] Any member, who agrees to take up its part of the organization, must undergo the ritual of initiation. The candidate is led into a room in the presence of the representative of the family and other simple men of honor, and often they are deployed on the one hand, while the initiate stands on the other. At this point the representative of the family sets out the rules governing the initiate'organizzazione, claiming first that what is usually called the Mafia, Cosa Nostra is actually named. Starting to list the requirements that must be strictly adhered to: not want the woman to other men of honor, do not steal, do not exploit the prostitution, not to kill other men of honor, except in cases of absolute necessity, to avoid the accusation to the police, not to put in contrast with other men of honor , show a more serious and proper conduct, maintain absolute silence with strangers on the Cosa Nostra, never be with other men of honor alone, because the rules require that another man of honor, known by those who should contact, to ensure their membership in the Cosa Nostra, the words: This man is the same thing [2] . At this point the representative of the calls began to choose a patron of men of honor present and begins the ceremony of swearing. This is the newcomer to ask which hand is used to shoot and to affect the index of this hand a small notch to bring out a drop of blood that is smeared with a sacred image (often the Annunciation, restraint lady of the Cosa Nostra). In some families it is customary sting (rite of "Punch", where the initiative is called "punciutu") the index with a plug of bitter orange, in others, such as the family of Riesi, with a gold brooch, which was used solely for this ritual. Is then burned the image and the initiative should it pass from hand to hand swearing allegiance, deserving if not how to burn the image. Simultaneously, the representative points out the novice sternly not to betray the rules of the organization. At this point explains the hierarchy of the family. The basic cell is the family of Cosa Nostra with its traditional values: respect for blood ties, loyalty, friendship and honor. The family is headed by one man: the father-master, corresponding to the father of amiglia. The honor is increased through obedience: the Mafia in exchange for availability increase their burden of honor, thus obtaining more money, more information and more power. The honor, however, involves an obligation to tell the truth (and is therefore of the style known elliptical exchanges between mafiosi), which promotes duty in a certain sense the mutual trust that is scarce among the outlaws. But the duties of trust also explains the elements of honor mafia regarding sex and marriage. The new initiates swear not to make money from prostitution and not to go to bed with the wife of another mobster, on pain of death penalty and will be subjected to this fate also honor all those men who flaunt their wealth, and will give the gambling. The honor also requires that a mobster put before the interests of Cosa To those of our family members. How to honor the mafia, the religion mafia men of honor helps to justify their actions in front of you, other mobsters and their families. I love mafia often think that if they do kill in the name of something higher than the money and power: God the honor and the honor for the Mafia So it becomes a sense of professional respect, a system of values and the totem of a group identity, and as such has nothing to do with the Sicilian tradition, with Catholicism or with the cavalry [3] . Each family can also count 200 or 300 members, but the average is about 50. Each family controls a territory where nothing can happen without the consent of the head. Its starting point is the man of honor, the soldier, who has a weight in the family regardless of the position that you can play. Among them are defined mafia "cronies" [4] , which is the end of an honorable man. The union of several families who have relationship of consanguinity or who have a kinship with the comparaggio (obtained acting as a godfather to a baptism or a witness at a wedding), is the clan. The indissoluble link between the mafia is after many years, so a kid, even if they go abroad, is still affiliated with the family of origin. Legendary characters within Cosa Nostra, or as Don Calò Vizzini Giuseppe Genco Russo Vincenzo Rimi or Thomas or Buscetta soldiers will remain for life, despite their influence and their prestige. The soldiers elect the leader they call the representative, as protection against the interests of the family of Cosa Nostra. The election shall be held by secret ballot and is preceded by a series of surveys and contacts, and almost always confirmed unanimously. In addition, heads of several families in a province (Catania, Agrigento, Trapani) appoint the so-called provincial representative. This applies to all provinces except for that of Palermo, where, typically, a head mandamento control groups on a single contiguous territory, it is a member of the Commission, or Dome of the province. The dome has a coordinating role between local families, but no murder ordered by the commission may be effected without the consent of the family of responsibility. In turn, this dome appoint a representative to the Regional Commission, composed of all the provincial representatives of Cosa Nostra: this is the highest body of the organization, which is called by men of honor the region. This issue decrees, such as prohibiting kidnapping in Sicily, resolve conflicts and take all strategic decisions.

Around cosa nostra mafia groups do not move (as it was for the smuggling of cigarettes before the drug), which are generally coordinated by individual men of honor.

The Mafia is characterized also by its archaic values \u200b\u200bquickly adapting to the needs of the present, his ability to blend in with the civil society, to use intimidation and violence, for the number and size followers of the criminal, for his ability to be always different and always equal to itself [5] . A mafia boss has an absolute right to keep under surveillance the lives of his men, it can happen that a mobster should ask his superior for permission to marry. It is essential that the individual should make a judicious choice mob when he wants to marry, in fact, even more than the other husbands, the mafia have a duty to keep good their wives, why else is the risk that a mafia wife, dissatisfied with the conduct of his husband, decides to talk to the police, severely damaging linters family. In the words of Judge Falcone is not the legitimate wife humiliated in his social environment. The woman has nellorganizzazione not a decision making role, but the task of keeping the family lamministrazione deprived of any good man of honor. She also relationships with people and teach children the principles of which The organizer is linked, including revenge. Young people are trained to fight with everything and everyone, giving the highest value on family and personal prestige, to increase by fair means or foul. The mobsters often marry sisters and daughters of other men of honor, women who spent his life in a mafia. Another possibility is that women actively support the work of their men, albeit in subordinate roles. Women can not be admitted to the mafia, it is a quality lonore exclusively male, but a mafia lonore increases the prestige of his wife and her good behavior, in turn, the load of honor of her husband.

Students of this phenomenon are used to distinguish between an old mafia, the original one, and a new mafia, that sort in the sixties, with partly different characteristics. G. says Falcone, however, you must destroy the myth, or rather must be convinced that there is always a new mafia ready to supplant the old.

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[1] Things to do our Giovanni Falcone in collaboration with Marcelle Padovani. P. 97

[2] Things to do in our collaboration with Giovanni Falcone PM Marcelle Padovani 98

The information was taken from the book of things what we Giovanni Falcone in collaboration with Marcelle Padovani Bur publisher and book publishers Cosa Nostra by John Dickie Laterza

[3] John Dickie, Cosa Nostra , history of the Sicilian Mafia, Laterza Ed

[4] curious is the story of the term mafia godfather as a person: When Mario Puzo wrote his best-selling mafia, translated in English the term by which the Mafia of a certain class is they called each other "comrades", just godfather in English, the Italian translator, forgetting that the term was originally from Sicily, retranslated verbatim in godfather

[5] G. M. Falcone Padovani, Cose di Cosa Nostra , RCS Rizzoli Libri, Milano 1992

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What?

Who knows what people think is the Mafia, perhaps a ' Association criminal, maybe an octopus, maybe a legacy of ancient ignorance? Maybe ... maybe all this, but most importantly it is another.

Falcone thought

"The Mafia is not invincible, is a human and like all human facts have a beginning and will also have an end. Rather we must realize that it is a phenomenon terribly serious and very serious and that you can win by not claiming heroism but inert citizens engaged in this battle all the best forces of the institutions'

But the facts seem to contrast these words, it seems that this peculiar human fact is a fact of nature, and like the wind, hail, and volcanic eruptions, never seems to end.

I wonder why , but the answer I'm afraid I know how ...

Beyond the mythic origins are lost in the mists of time, so the etymology seems to spring from an ancient Arabic word, the Mafia is vital force in the estate, in a covenant relationship " gattopardesca " between noblemen owners of those ch 'were feuds and a story that seems go to a new sense has turned into large estates, without detracting from the ancient identity and " gabbelloti " , that is, literally , a tenant who paid the "Gabella", or the rent of the bottom of the nobleman who took care of his little plot , but he wanted to make the best possible, by investing as little as possible. It is not that by its nature the gabbelloto was a criminal, but it is true that the nobles much preferred to entrust their fund to a "rogue Sperti and" able to dominate over the peasants, even with half a clove, with the help of private guards, usually armed guards of the fields.

Here this is where you create the link between people quickly with weapons and able to take in hand the situation with the abuse and so-called " cappeddi " or belonging to the upper classes, already in the hat, the hat, pointed to his membership in opposed to " Burritt ", or the poor people who cover their heads with a cap. This

in the past, but the Sicilians are known for a history gattopardesca , that is, a story that changes so nothing changes ...

Indeed this connection between a power "baronial" and overbearing men never ceased, and was used often to the detriment of state power, but more often against the poor. Here it would be interesting

go see the relationship between the State and this power, which define " gangster" or "criminal" becomes simplistic and not fully complexity.

The ancient " gabelloti " (but not all were criminals gabelloti ) have tasted the power acquired through the alliance with the barons. But for them the power is "the stuff" and control of the territory. " The

stuff, as described by Verga in novel of the same name, is not the capital, but it 's piling up of goods, tangible, visible, making the owner "powerful" and respected. And the control of the territory, that the detailed control of everything that happens in the territory of relevance, almost novel God on earth, certainly more efficient of territorial control exercised by the state legally. Just contrast with the state is characteristic of the mafia, but the opposition which means struggle and confrontation, the mafia does not want to fight or confrontation with the state, want the State to delegate to him, he wants the state is far away. The picciotti that the mafia sent to Garibaldi (but not all were sent by the mafia picciotti) for the Thousand are in testify to the need of joint barons and gangsters for a new reality state, the more geographically distant by the Bourbons, the more absent.

brings us to the history of the Republican .

the mafia, therefore, interesting stuff and the control of the territory and rely on the intrinsic alliance with the "barons" and their followers, that the novel emerging class (everything changes so nothing changes). They are capable of a thousand twists and turns and changes: from the original control of large estates, passed to the control of everything that takes "stuff" and control of the territory (because the lens does not change, the change means to achieve !).

So a nascent post-war Italy, when a minister, Gullo, issue decrees that would have led to agrarian reform, the Mafia, allied to the barons, they show their power by killing tens of trade unionists, including Placido Rizzotto .

The Mafia is therefore the longa manus , dripping blood, the interests of owners, but not all.

The Mafia is capable of becoming the longa manus more varied interest, provided you do not have control, to have management control of the territory in and stuff. And here

Portella della Ginestra , massacre attributed to Salvatore Giuliano and his band. Certainly Salvatore Giuliano was there with his men to Portella, but it was only the foolish servant of a bigger picture of him, drawing a path from "refined minds " which, with the help of the Mafia ( longa manus ), wanted to oust by the new Republican reality the Left (the Popular Front, who had just won the election 10 days prior to the first regional assembly) and the peasants. And in fact the same month of May 1947 the leftists were driven out of the national government.

And

Gaspare Pisciotta had said the process of Viterbo: "We are like the Holy Trinity: we, the mafia and the State" and accused the minister of Sicilian Scelba connivance with the mafia and of promises made to Julian exchange of the fight against the "communist". But Pisciotta said the end we all know, after he killed Julian.

Portella is on, everything comes down to.

Now we talk about the massacre in via D'Amelio and again at a distance of 17 arise sewage sinister conspiracies and false leads. Caponnetto had said after the death of Borsellino "It is finished 'means the Anti-State and the State have come to terms and made the " Papello , as always ...